Al-Mudaharabah (Perkongsian Untung)

Mudharabah bererti perkongsian untung diantara peserta dan syarikat.
Nisbah ditentukan tetapi nilai tidak dapat ditentukan
Nisbah pembahagian untung bergantung kepada aqad yang telah dibuat

Contoh
Nisbah 80:20 atau 50:50 atas keuntungan diantara peserta dan syarikat

KONSEP MUDARABAH
a) Mudarabah bermaksud perkongsian untung.

b) Nisbah pembahagian bergantung persetujuan bersama dinyatakan dalam perjanjian/borang.

c) Nisbah untung dikongsi diantara anggota-anggota yang melabur dengan koperasi (60:40) atau sebagainya.

d) Mudarabah dikaitkan dengan pelaburan yang bersifat amanah dimana koperasi tidak wajib
( tidak dosa/salah) Jika tidak memberitahu dimana pelaburan dibuat.

e) Mudarabah berbeza dari Musyarakah ( Musyarakah bererti joint venture)- kedua-dua perlu tahu dimana pelaburan dibuat.

f) Mudarabah sebagai pengganti dividen atau kadar faedah/bunga.

g) Mudarabah dibenarkan oleh agama Islam.

h) Dalam mudarabah Nisbah ditentukan sementara nilai tidak ditentukan- ia bergantung kepada keuntungan.

i) Pembahagian secara mudarabah lebih adil.

j) Pengiraan mudarabah bermula dari tarikh sumbangan dibuat.

k) Pembayaraan mudarabah dibuat terus kepada anggota-anggota koperasi.
Mudarabah ialah satu bentuk perniagaan atau kontrak yang mana keduanya berkongsi keuntungan; bermakna dalam mudarabah , pemodal mendapat faedah daripada modalnya manakala pengusaha pula mendapat faedah daripada dayausahanya.
Golongan pengusaha saperti “koperasi” menikmati hak berikut dalam sistem mudarabah:
- Pengusaha berhak mendapat sebahagian daripada keuntungan kesan daripada usaha dan tenaganya.

- Ciri-ciri modal yang dipergunakannya ialah berbentuk amanah.Oleh itu ia akan hilang dalam perniagaan, dan tidak ada gantirugi yang akan dituntut daripadanya. Namun demikian koperasi akan memastikan ianya tidak berlaku demikian.

Islamic Science and Modern Science

Modern Science

Definition :

- Modern Science is about empirial, thearitical and practical knowledge about natural world.

Character :

- All evidence must be empirial

- Only things that can be perceived by sense are real

- Revealed knowledge is not real knowledge

- Rejection toward element of soul

- The only foundation is rational speculation and empirial experiment

Modern Science begin between 1500-1800 in europe

History of Modern Science :

One thing that happened during the Renaissance that was of great importance for the later character of modern philosophy was the birth of modern science. Even as in the Middle Ages philosophy was often thought of as the "handmaiden of theology," modern philosophers have often thought of their discipline as little more than the "handmaiden of science." Even for those who haven't thought that, the shadow of science, its spectacular success and its influence on modern life and history, has been hard to ignore.

Nicolaus Copernious (1473-1543)

- Theory earth is a center of universe

- Sun as a center of universe

- Impetus theory rejection

Modern Science and Technology

The technological advances of modern science, which in the public mind are often identified with science itself, have affected virtually every aspect of life. The electronics industry, born in the early 20th cent., has advanced to the point where a complex device, such as a computer, that once might have filled an entire room can now be carried in an attaché case. The electronic computer has become one of the key tools of modern industry. Electronics has also been fundamental in developing new communications devices (radio, television, laser). In transportation there has been a similar leap of astounding range, from the automobile and the early airplane to the modern supersonic jet and the giant rocket that has taken astronauts to the moon. Perhaps the most overwhelming aspect of modern science is not its accomplishments but its magnitude in terms of money, equipment, numbers of workers, scope of activity, and impact on society as a whole. Never before in history has science played such a dominant role in so many areas.

Islamic Science

Definition :

AL-QURAN foundation that mean all about the islamic science was refer by AL-QURAN and by experiment by muslim.

Character :- Most refer to AL-QURAN

- Do experiment that all knowledge their found

- Not rejection toward element of soul

- Not only foundation is rational speculation and empirial experiment

Islamic Scinece since between 7th and 16th centuries

History of Islamic Science

Two rulers of the Abbasid caliphs used their authority to promote the intellectual welfare and progress of the peoples, and distinguished themselves greatly in this respect; the second, al-Mansur (founded Baghdad) and the fifth, Harun-al-Rashid (whose fame has been immortalized by many legends). Both caliphs encourage the work of translators who were busily unlocking the treasures of Greek knowledge.
Abu Ja'far 'Abdallah al-Mansur, i.e. the victorious. Died in 775 at Bir Maimun, near Mecca, at the age of 63 - 68 Muslim years (Hegra), i.e. 61-66 Christian years. He was the second 'Abbasid caliph and ruled from 754 to his death.
He was a great statesman and the founder of Baghdad. Memorable because of the many translations from the Syriac, Persian, Greek, and Hindu languages into the Arabic which were accomplished in his reign.
Harun al-Rashid, born in 763 or 766 at al-Ray; died at Tus in 809. Caliph from 786 to his death; the fifth and one of the greatest 'Abbasid monarchs. Magnificent patron of science, art, and literature. Many more Greek works were translated by his order. In 807 he presented a very remarkable water-clock to Charlemange (King of the Franks since 768; crowned Emperor of the West on Christmas 800 by Leo III in Rome)

Conclucion

the conclucion from two of type science is Islamic science more better than Modern science because history was say most education that europe found is from Islamic science . Islamis science also has all information about all thing in the world..

Philosophy of science and Islamic tecnocrat

Definition of Philosophy :

• Literarily comes from the Greek word ‘philosophia’ which means ‘love of wisdom’.

Definition in Muslim philosopher’s perspective :

• Al-Kindi : philosophy is the knowledge of the reality of things within man’s possibility
• Al-Farabi : philosophy is the knowledge of existents qua existents
• Ibnu Sina : philosophy is the perfecting of the human soul through the conceptualization of thing and the judgment of theoretical and practical truths to the measure of human capability.

Major branches of non Islamic philosophy :

• Metaphysical
• Epictemology or theory of knowledge
• Ethics
• And logic and mathematics

Major branches of Islamic philosopy :

• Phisical or physiological and natures of the world.
• Epistemology or theory of knowledge
• Logic and mathematics
• Observation or experiment and analysis
• Its belives that the knowledge of the ethics, natire of Allah. Metaphysical thing and hereafter comes Allah by the revelation to the Rasul.